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Docker环境/命令/数据卷
简介Docker环境/命令/数据卷
Docker基本环境
docker安装
- yum包更新
yum update
- 安装软件包 yum-util提供yum-config-managet功能 其他为devicemapper取得依赖
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
- 设置yum源
[root@server ~]# yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
已加载插件：fastestmirror
adding repo from: https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
grabbing file https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
repo saved to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
- 安装docker ，出现输入按下y
[root@server ~]# yum install -y docker-ce
- 查看版本，验证安装是否成功
[root@server ~]# docker -v
Docker version 23.0.5, build bc4487a
配置docker镜像加速器
进入阿里云镜像加速器页面，按照提示执行命令,每个人参数不相同
[root@server ~]# sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
[root@server ~]# sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
> {
> "registry-mirrors": ["https://m03eesz2.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
> }
> EOF
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://m03eesz2.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
[root@server ~]# sudo systemctl daemon-reload
[root@server ~]# sudo systemctl restart docker
[root@server ~]# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://m03eesz2.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
Docker命令
服务命令
- 启动docker
[root@server ~]# systemctl start docker
- 关闭docker
[root@server ~]# systemctl stop docker
- 查看docker状态
[root@server ~]# systemctl status docker
● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since 六 2023-05-06 09:53:55 CST; 4min 58s ago
Docs: https://docs.docker.com
Main PID: 62302 (dockerd)
Tasks: 7
Memory: 25.7M
CGroup: /system.slice/docker.service
└─62302 /usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/co...
5月 06 09:53:53 server.cluster.com systemd[1]: Starting Docker Application....
5月 06 09:53:53 server.cluster.com dockerd[62302]: time="2023-05-06T09:53:5...
5月 06 09:53:54 server.cluster.com dockerd[62302]: time="2023-05-06T09:53:5...
5月 06 09:53:55 server.cluster.com dockerd[62302]: time="2023-05-06T09:53:5...
5月 06 09:53:55 server.cluster.com dockerd[62302]: time="2023-05-06T09:53:5...
5月 06 09:53:55 server.cluster.com dockerd[62302]: time="2023-05-06T09:53:5...
5月 06 09:53:55 server.cluster.com dockerd[62302]: time="2023-05-06T09:53:5...
5月 06 09:53:55 server.cluster.com systemd[1]: Started Docker Application ....
5月 06 09:53:55 server.cluster.com dockerd[62302]: time="2023-05-06T09:53:5...
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
- 设置自启动
[root@server ~]# systemctl enable docker
镜像命令
- 查询镜像
[root@server ~]# docker images
[root@server ~]# docker search redis #选择redis
- 下载镜像
[root@server ~]# docker pull redis 不写版本号默认最新版本下载
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/redis
a2abf6c4d29d: Pull complete
c7a4e4382001: Pull complete
4044b9ba67c9: Pull complete
c8388a79482f: Pull complete
413c8bb60be2: Pull complete
1abfd3011519: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:db485f2e245b5b3329fdc7eff4eb00f913e09d8feb9ca720788059fdc2ed8339
Status: Downloaded newer image for redis:latest
docker.io/library/redis:latest
查看
[root@server ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
redis latest 7614ae9453d1 16 months ago 113MB
下载指定版本
[root@server ~]# docker pull redis:5.0
5.0: Pulling from library/redis
a2abf6c4d29d: Already exists
c7a4e4382001: Already exists
4044b9ba67c9: Already exists
106f2419edf3: Pull complete
9772114922b9: Pull complete
63031aedd0c4: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:a30e893aa92ea4b57baf51e5602f1657ec5553b65e62ba4581a71e161e82868a
Status: Downloaded newer image for redis:5.0
docker.io/library/redis:5.0
[root@server ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
redis 5.0 c5da061a611a 16 months ago 110MB
redis latest 7614ae9453d1 16 months ago 113MB
- 删除镜像
[root@server ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
redis 5.0 c5da061a611a 16 months ago 110MB
redis latest 7614ae9453d1 16 months ago 113MB
[root@server ~]# docker rmi 7614ae9453d1 删除指定镜像 后面+镜像ID
Untagged: redis:latest
Untagged: redis@sha256:db485f2e245b5b3329fdc7eff4eb00f913e09d8feb9ca720788059fdc2ed8339
Deleted: sha256:7614ae9453d1d87e740a2056257a6de7135c84037c367e1fffa92ae922784631
Deleted: sha256:49c70179bc923a7d48583d58e2b6c21bde1787edf42ed1f8de9e9b96e2e88e65
Deleted: sha256:396e06df5d1120368a7a8a4fd1e5467cdc2dd4083660890df078c654596ddc1c
Deleted: sha256:434d118df2e9edb51238f6ba46e9efdfa21be68e88f54787531aa39a720a0740
[root@server ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
redis 5.0 c5da061a611a 16 months ago 110MB
- 查看所有镜像id
docker images -q
容器命令
-
i 容器一直运行
-
t 给容器分配终端
-
name 给容器起名
-
/bin/bash 进入容器初始化指令
[root@server ~]# docker run -it --name=c1 centos:7 /bin/bash
[root@4450c148a0d0 /]#
[root@4450c148a0d0 /]# ll 容器内部使用命令
total 12
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 12114 Nov 13 2020 anaconda-post.log
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Nov 13 2020 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 360 May 6 02:33 dev
drwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 66 May 6 02:33 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 home
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Nov 13 2020 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Nov 13 2020 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 media
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 mnt
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 opt
dr-xr-xr-x. 124 root root 0 May 6 02:33 proc
dr-xr-x---. 2 root root 114 Nov 13 2020 root
drwxr-xr-x. 11 root root 148 Nov 13 2020 run
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 8 Nov 13 2020 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 srv
dr-xr-xr-x. 13 root root 0 May 6 01:14 sys
drwxrwxrwt. 7 root root 132 Nov 13 2020 tmp
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 155 Nov 13 2020 usr
drwxr-xr-x. 18 root root 238 Nov 13 2020 var
exit 退出容器
查看存在容器
[root@server ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
-it创建容器退出后自动关闭
- d后台运行创建
[root@server ~]# docker run -id --name=c2 centos:7
6d29a31959fe7e56dd7311bfc26f164d15d66e69b8a7095a24af0d23c9ca67a8
进入容器
[root@server ~]# docker exec -it c2 /bin/bash
[root@6d29a31959fe /]#
exit推出后使用d参数的容器是不会自动关闭
创建了三个容器查看状态
[root@server ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
ccd4d8a00ac4 centos:7 "/bin/bash" 8 minutes ago Up 8 minutes c3
6d29a31959fe centos:7 "/bin/bash" 10 minutes ago Up 10 minutes c2
4450c148a0d0 centos:7 "/bin/bash" 17 minutes ago Exited (0) 14 minutes ago c1
关闭c2容器
[root@server ~]# docker stop c2
c2
[root@server ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS N AMES
ccd4d8a00ac4 centos:7 "/bin/bash" 9 minutes ago Up 9 minutes c 3
6d29a31959fe centos:7 "/bin/bash" 12 minutes ago Exited (137) 5 seconds ago c 2
4450c148a0d0 centos:7 "/bin/bash" 18 minutes ago Exited (0) 16 minutes ago c 1
- 删除容器
删除c1容器
[root@server ~]# docker rm c1
c1
[root@server ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
ccd4d8a00ac4 centos:7 "/bin/bash" 11 minutes ago Up 11 minutes c3
6d29a31959fe centos:7 "/bin/bash" 14 minutes ago Exited (137) 2 minutes ago c2
开启的容器不能删除，只要把容器关闭才能删除
- 查看容器信息
docker inspect c2
查看容器c2
数据卷
-
容器删除后，容器产生数据还存在嘛? 不存在
-
容器能否和外部机器直接交换文件？ 不能
-
容器之间想要进行数据交互？
数据卷是宿主机中的一个文件或者目录
-
当容器目录和数据卷目录绑定后，对方修改会同步
-
数据卷解决上面三个问题
-
一个数据卷可以被多个容器同时挂载
-
一个容器也能挂载多个数据卷
配置数据卷
-
创建启动容器时，使用-v参数 设置数据卷
-
目录必须绝对路径
-
如果目录不存在，会自动创建
-
可以挂载多个数据卷
首先清空容器
docker stop $(docker ps -aq)
docker rm $(docker ps -aq)
[root@server ~]# docker run -it --name=c1 -v /root/data:/root/data_container centos:7 /bin/bash
[root@f28485e64589 /]# cd ~
[root@f28485e64589 ~]# ll
total 4
-rw-------. 1 root root 3416 Nov 13 2020 anaconda-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 May 6 03:38 data_container
[root@server ~]# ll
总用量 4
-rw-------. 1 root root 1241 4月 24 13:04 anaconda-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 6 11:38 data
宿主机新建文件
[root@server ~]# cd data
[root@server data]# touch d1.txt
查看容器
[root@f28485e64589 ~]# cd data_container/
[root@f28485e64589 data_container]# ll
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 May 6 03:40 d1.txt
文件被同步过去了
在容器中创建文件写入一些信息
[root@f28485e64589 data_container]# echo "hello docker" > d2.txt
在宿主机里也能被同步过去
[root@server data]# cat d2.txt
hello docker
删除容器
[root@f28485e64589 data_container]# exit
exit
[root@server ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f28485e64589 centos:7 "/bin/bash" 15 minutes ago Exited (0) 5 seconds ago c1
[root@server ~]# docker rm c1
c1
查看宿主机内容
[root@server ~]# ll data
总用量 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 5月 6 11:40 d1.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 13 5月 6 11:45 d2.txt
文件依旧存在
重新生成容器挂载数据卷,查看能否同步
[root@server ~]# docker run -it --name=c1 -v /root/data:/root/data_container centos:7 /bin/bash
[root@3a985bd81335 /]# cd /root/data_container/
[root@3a985bd81335 data_container]# ll
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 May 6 03:40 d1.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 13 May 6 03:45 d2.txt
两个容器挂载同一个数据卷，实现两个容器的数据交换
创建c3容器
[root@server data]# docker run -it --name=c3 -v /root/data:/root/data centos:7
[root@8c026ecd619c /]# cd ~
[root@8c026ecd619c ~]# ls data
d1.txt d2.txt
创建c4容器
[root@server ~]# docker run -it --name=c4 -v /root/data:/root/data centos:7
[root@dcf3525a84c7 /]# cd ~/data
[root@dcf3525a84c7 data]# ls
d1.txt d2.txt
容器c4创建文件写入内容
[root@dcf3525a84c7 data]# echo "docker test" > test.txt
在容器c3里查看数据能否共享
[root@8c026ecd619c ~]# ls data
d1.txt d2.txt test.txt
[root@8c026ecd619c ~]# cat ~/data/test.txt
docker test
数据卷容器
多容器进行数据交换
-
多个容器挂载同一个数据卷
-
数据卷容器
首先停止容器，然后删除所有容器
- 创建启动c3容器，使用-v参数设置数据卷
docker run -it --name=c3 -v /vloume centos:7 /bin/bash
- 查看c3数据卷目录
[root@server ~]# docker inspect c3
这段内容的Source就是数据卷目录
"Mounts": [
{
"Type": "volume",
"Name": "eceb391e8fed25bc8c306fc127708dcf134184ff778cb2041b7d9267d53f1835",
"Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/eceb391e8fed25bc8c306fc127708dcf134184ff778cb2041b7d9267d53f1835/_data",
"Destination": "/vloume",
"Driver": "local",
"Mode": "",
"RW": true,
"Propagation": ""
}
],
- 创建c1 c2容器 使用–volumes-from 参数 设置数据卷
[root@server ~]# docker run -it --name=c1 --volumes-from c3 centos:7
[root@05f67331eabb /]# ll
total 12
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 12114 Nov 13 2020 anaconda-post.log
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Nov 13 2020 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 360 May 6 12:09 dev
drwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 66 May 6 12:09 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 home
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Nov 13 2020 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Nov 13 2020 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 media
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 mnt
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 opt
dr-xr-xr-x. 139 root root 0 May 6 12:09 proc
dr-xr-x---. 2 root root 114 Nov 13 2020 root
drwxr-xr-x. 11 root root 148 Nov 13 2020 run
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 8 Nov 13 2020 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 srv
dr-xr-xr-x. 13 root root 0 May 6 01:14 sys
drwxrwxrwt. 7 root root 132 Nov 13 2020 tmp
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 155 Nov 13 2020 usr
drwxr-xr-x. 18 root root 238 Nov 13 2020 var
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 May 6 12:01 vloume #c1也有vloume目录
[root@server ~]# docker run -it --name=c2 --volumes-from c3 centos:7
[root@87a6097e8df0 /]# ll
total 12
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 12114 Nov 13 2020 anaconda-post.log
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Nov 13 2020 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 360 May 6 12:13 dev
drwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 66 May 6 12:13 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 home
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Nov 13 2020 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Nov 13 2020 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 media
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 mnt
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 opt
dr-xr-xr-x. 145 root root 0 May 6 12:13 proc
dr-xr-x---. 2 root root 114 Nov 13 2020 root
drwxr-xr-x. 11 root root 148 Nov 13 2020 run
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 8 Nov 13 2020 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 srv
dr-xr-xr-x. 13 root root 0 May 6 01:14 sys
drwxrwxrwt. 7 root root 132 Nov 13 2020 tmp
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 155 Nov 13 2020 usr
drwxr-xr-x. 18 root root 238 Nov 13 2020 var
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 May 6 12:01 vloume
- 测试
c3在vloume新建文件，写入内容
[root@db1d435dd685 /]# cd vloume/
[root@db1d435dd685 vloume]# echo "docker test" >test
在c1 c2里查看你能否接收到
[root@05f67331eabb /]# cat vloume/test
docker test
[root@87a6097e8df0 /]# cat vloume/test
docker test
可以接收到
删除数据卷容器c3
[root@db1d435dd685 vloume]# exit
exit
[root@server data]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
87a6097e8df0 centos:7 "/bin/bash" 6 minutes ago Up 6 minutes c2
05f67331eabb centos:7 "/bin/bash" 9 minutes ago Up 9 minutes c1
db1d435dd685 centos:7 "/bin/bash" 18 minutes ago Exited (0) 13 seconds ago c3
[root@server data]# docker rm c3
c3
[root@server data]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
87a6097e8df0 centos:7 "/bin/bash" 6 minutes ago Up 6 minutes c2
05f67331eabb centos:7 "/bin/bash" 10 minutes ago Up 10 minutes c1
然后再在宿主机上c3挂载的数据卷，追加一些数据在文件里，查看c1c2能否被同步数据
[root@server data]# cd /var/lib/docker/volumes/eceb391e8fed25bc8c306fc127708dcf134184ff778cb2041b7d9267d53f1835/_data
[root@server _data]# ll
总用量 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 12 5月 6 20:15 test
[root@server _data]# echo "some info" >> test
[root@05f67331eabb /]# cat vloume/test
docker test
some info
[root@87a6097e8df0 /]# cat vloume/test
docker test
some info
就算删掉了数据卷容器c3，c1 c2也能同步数据
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