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Hibernate is a widely used Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) tool that helps developers to manage database operations in an object-oriented way. Hibernate provides transaction management support to ensure data consistency and reliability.

Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) is a programming paradigm that allows developers to modularize cross-cutting concerns such as logging, security, and transaction management. AOP helps developers to separate concerns and improve code reusability.

In order to manage transactions using AOP without using Spring, you can follow these steps:

1. Define a custom annotation to mark the methods that need transaction management. For example, you can define a @Transactional annotation.

2. Define an Aspect class that implements the transaction management logic. The Aspect class should contain the advice that applies the transaction management logic to the methods marked with the @Transactional annotation.

3. Configure the Aspect class to be used in the application. You can use either XML configuration or Java-based configuration to configure the Aspect class.

4. Use the custom @Transactional annotation to mark the methods that need transaction management.

Here's an example of how you can implement transaction management using AOP without Spring:

Step 1: Define the custom annotation

import java.lang.annotation.*;

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
public @interface Transactional {
}

Step 2: Define the Aspect class

import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.*;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;

@Aspect
public class TransactionalAspect {

    @Before("@annotation(Transactional)")
    public void beginTransaction(JoinPoint joinPoint) {
        Session session = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().getCurrentSession();
        Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
        // Bind the session to the thread
        session.getTransaction().registerSynchronization(new Synchronization() {
            public void beforeCompletion() { }
            public void afterCompletion(int status) {
                if (status == Status.STATUS_COMMITTED) {
                    tx.commit();
                } else {
                    tx.rollback();
                }
            }
        });
    }

    @AfterReturning("@annotation(Transactional)")
    public void commitTransaction(JoinPoint joinPoint) {
        Session session = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().getCurrentSession();
        Transaction tx = session.getTransaction();
        if (tx.isActive()) {
            tx.commit();
        }
    }

    @AfterThrowing(value = "@annotation(Transactional)", throwing = "e")
    public void rollbackTransaction(JoinPoint joinPoint, Exception e) {
        Session session = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().getCurrentSession();
        Transaction tx = session.getTransaction();
        if (tx.isActive()) {
            tx.rollback();
        }
    }
}

Step 3: Configure the Aspect class

You can use either XML configuration or Java-based configuration to configure the Aspect class.

XML configuration:

<aop:aspectj-autoproxy />

<bean id="transactionalAspect" class="com.example.TransactionalAspect" />

<aop:config>
    <aop:aspect ref="transactionalAspect">
        <aop:pointcut id="transactionalMethods" expression="@annotation(com.example.Transactional)" />
        <aop:before pointcut-ref="transactionalMethods" method="beginTransaction" />
        <aop:after-returning pointcut-ref="transactionalMethods" method="commitTransaction" />
        <aop:after-throwing pointcut-ref="transactionalMethods" method="rollbackTransaction" throwing="e" />
    </aop:aspect>
</aop:config>

Java-based configuration:

@Configuration
@EnableAspectJAutoProxy
public class AppConfig {

    @Bean
    public TransactionalAspect transactionalAspect() {
        return new Transaction
        alAspect();

@Pointcut("@annotation(com.example.Transactional)")
public void transactionalMethods() { }

@Before("transactionalMethods()")
public void beginTransaction(JoinPoint joinPoint) {
    // Same as in the previous example
}

@AfterReturning("transactionalMethods()")
public void commitTransaction(JoinPoint joinPoint) {
    // Same as in the previous example
}

@AfterThrowing(value = "transactionalMethods()", throwing = "e")
public void rollbackTransaction(JoinPoint joinPoint, Exception e) {
    // Same as in the previous example
}

Step 4: Use the custom annotation to mark the methods that need transaction management

public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {

    @Transactional
    public void save(User user) {
        Session session = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().getCurrentSession();
        session.save(user);
    }

    @Transactional
    public void delete(User user) {
        Session session = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().getCurrentSession();
        session.delete(user);
    }

    // Other methods
}

In this example, the save() and delete() methods of the UserDaoImpl class are marked with the @Transactional annotation. The Aspect class defined in Step 2 will intercept these methods and apply the transaction management logic defined in the advice methods.

Note that in this example, we are using the Hibernate Session API to manage transactions. However, you can also use other transaction management APIs such as JTA or JDBC. The transaction management logic in the Aspect class should be adapted accordingly.