LVS-DR集群网站首页 技术交流

LVS-DR集群

尴尬的只有别人 2024-09-27 12:01:03

简介LVS-DR集群

LVS-DR集群

一.LVS-DR工作原理

1.数据包流向

数据包流向分析：
（1）客户端发送请求到 Director Server（负载均衡器），请求的数据报文（源 IP 是 CIP,目标 IP 是 VIP）到达内核空间。
（2）Director Server 和 Real Server 在同一个网络中，数据通过二层数据链路层来传输。
（3）内核空间判断数据包的目标IP是本机VIP，此时IPVS（IP虚拟服务器）比对数据包请求的服务是否是集群服务，是集群服务就重新封装数据包。修改源 MAC 地址为 Director Server 的 MAC地址，修改目标 MAC 地址为 Real Server 的 MAC 地址，源 IP 地址与目标 IP 地址没有改变，然后将数据包发送给 Real Server。
（4）到达 Real Server 的请求报文的 MAC 地址是自身的 MAC 地址，就接收此报文。数据包重新封装报文(源 IP 地址为 VIP，目标 IP 为 CIP)，将响应报文通过 lo 接口传送给物理网卡然后向外发出。
（5）Real Server 直接将响应报文传送到客户端。

在这里插入图片描述

2.DR模式特点

（1）Director Server 和 Real Server 必须在同一个物理网络中。
（2）Real Server 可以使用私有地址，也可以使用公网地址。如果使用公网地址，可以通过互联网对 RIP 进行直接访问。
（3）Director Server作为群集的访问入口，但不作为网关使用。
（4）所有的请求报文经由 Director Server，但回复响应报文不能经过 Director Server。
（5）Real Server 的网关不允许指向 Director Server IP，即Real Server发送的数据包不允许经过 Director Server。
（6）Real Server 上的 lo 接口配置 VIP 的 IP 地址。

3.LVS-DR模式中问题

3.1节点服务器ARP请求混乱

在这里插入图片描述

3.2MAC地址混乱

net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_ignore = 1			#系统只响应目的IP为本地IP的ARP请求
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce = 2		#系统不使用IP包的源地址来设置ARP请求的源地址，而选择发送接口的IP地址
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2

4.调度服务器内核参数修改

#由于 LVS 负载调度器和各节点需要共用 VIP 地址，需要关闭 icmp 的重定向，不充当路由器。
vim /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.ens33.send_redirects = 0

sysctl -p

在这里插入图片描述

二.LVS-DR部署过程

2.1实验部署分析

在这里插入图片描述

2.2实验过程

2.2.1配置tomcat服务器

配置jdk环境

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh jdk-8u201-linux-x64.rpm 
警告：jdk-8u201-linux-x64.rpm: 头V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID ec551f03: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:jdk1.8-2000:1.8.0_201-fcs        ################################# [100%]
Unpacking JAR files...
	tools.jar...
	plugin.jar...
	javaws.jar...
	deploy.jar...
	rt.jar...
	jsse.jar...
	charsets.jar...
	localedata.jar...
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/profile.d/java.sh

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_201-amd64
export JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JRE_HOME/lib
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin:$PATH

[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile.d/java.sh
[root@localhost ~]# java -version
java version "1.8.0_201"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_201-b09)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.201-b09, mixed mode)

安装tomcat服务，并通过systemctl管理tomcat服务

[root@localhost ~]# cd /opt
[root@localhost opt]# tar -xf apache-tomcat-9.0.16.tar.gz 
[root@localhost opt]# mv apache-tomcat-9.0.16 /usr/local/tomcat
[root@localhost opt]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service

[Unit]
Description=tomcat server
Wants=network-online.target
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
Environment="JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_201-amd64"
Environment="PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin"
Environment="CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar"
ExecStart=/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
ExecStop=/usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

准备tomcat动态页面

[root@localhost opt]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/
[root@localhost webapps]# mkdir test
[root@localhost webapps]# cd test/
[root@localhost test]# ls
[root@localhost test]# vim index.jsp
[root@localhost test]# systemctl restart tomcat.service 
[root@localhost test]# netstat -lntp | grep java
tcp6       0      0 :::8080                 :::*                    LISTEN      13074/java          
tcp6       0      0 127.0.0.1:8005          :::*                    LISTEN      13074/java          
tcp6       0      0 :::8009                 :::*                    LISTEN      13074/java          
[root@localhost test]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@localhost test]# setenforce 0
setenforce: SELinux is disabled
[root@localhost test]# cat index.jsp 
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<html>
<head>
<title>JSP test2 page</title>
</head>
<body>
<% out.println("动态页面 2  192.168.111.45,this is second tomcat web ");%>
</body>
</html>

另一台tomcat服务器配置一样

2.2.2配置节点服务器

nginx七层代理

1.关闭防火墙

2.编译安装nginx服务

3.在server块上添加upstream{}，添加后端服务器

4.location匹配规则及转发协议

5.重启服务
添加路由转发规则

配置节点服务器物理网卡虚接口及路由转发规则

[root@localhost test]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ls
ifcfg-ens33  ifdown-ippp    ifdown-sit       ifup-bnep  ifup-plip    ifup-Team          network-functions-ipv6
ifcfg-lo     ifdown-ipv6    ifdown-Team      ifup-eth   ifup-plusb   ifup-TeamPort
ifdown       ifdown-isdn    ifdown-TeamPort  ifup-ib    ifup-post    ifup-tunnel
ifdown-bnep  ifdown-post    ifdown-tunnel    ifup-ippp  ifup-ppp     ifup-wireless
ifdown-eth   ifdown-ppp     ifup             ifup-ipv6  ifup-routes  init.ipv6-global
ifdown-ib    ifdown-routes  ifup-aliases     ifup-isdn  ifup-sit     network-functions
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-lo ifcfg-lo:0
[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-lo:0
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ifup lo:0
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ifconfig lo:0
lo:0: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 192.168.111.168  netmask 255.255.255.255
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)

[root@localhost network-scripts]# route add -host 192.168.111.168 dev lo:0

修改节点服务器内核配置参数

[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim /etc/rc.local
[root@localhost network-scripts]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local
[root@localhost network-scripts]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2

安装nginx服务做动静分离和负载均衡

同步配置另一台nginx服务

[root@localhost opt]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
local.repo  local.sh  repo.bak
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim nginx.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install -y nginx
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
nginx-stable                                                                              | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
nginx-stable/x86_64/primary_db                                                            |  85 kB  00:00:00     
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 nginx.x86_64.1.1.24.0-1.el7.ngx 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成

依赖关系解决

=================================================================================================================
 Package              架构                  版本                               源                           大小
=================================================================================================================
正在安装:
 nginx                x86_64                1:1.24.0-1.el7.ngx                 nginx-stable                804 k

事务概要
=================================================================================================================
安装  1 软件包

总下载量：804 k
安装大小：2.8 M
Downloading packages:
nginx-1.24.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm                                                         | 804 kB  00:00:01     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  正在安装    : 1:nginx-1.24.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64                                                              1/1 
----------------------------------------------------------------------

Thanks for using nginx!

Please find the official documentation for nginx here:
* https://nginx.org/en/docs/

Please subscribe to nginx-announce mailing list to get
the most important news about nginx:
* https://nginx.org/en/support.html

Commercial subscriptions for nginx are available on:
* https://nginx.com/products/

----------------------------------------------------------------------
  验证中      : 1:nginx-1.24.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64                                                              1/1 

已安装:
  nginx.x86_64 1:1.24.0-1.el7.ngx                                                                                

完毕！
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cd /etc/nginx/
[root@localhost nginx]# cd conf.d/
[root@localhost conf.d]# vim default.conf 
在配置文件中server块上添加upstream模块
upstream backend_server {
         server 192.168.111.45:8080 weight=1;
         server 192.168.111.40:8080 weight=1;
        }
location动态页面匹配规则
 location ~* .*.jsp$ {
           proxy_pass http://backend_server;
           proxy_set_header HOST $host;
           proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
           proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    }

[root@localhost conf.d]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@localhost conf.d]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost conf.d]# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
[root@localhost html]# mkdir test
[root@localhost html]# cd test/
[root@localhost test]# echo '<h1>this is 192.168.30 nignx jingtai web</h1>' > index.html
[root@localhost test]# ls
index.html
[root@localhost test]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@localhost test]# 
[root@localhost test]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@localhost test]# systemctl disable firewalld
[root@localhost test]# setenforce 0

2.2.3负载调度服务器

在物理网卡上添加VIP虚接口网卡
修改内核配置参数
配置负载分配策略

在物理网卡上添加VIP虚接口网卡

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-ens33 ifcfg-ens33:0
[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-ens33:0
DEVICE=ens33:0
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.111.168
NETMASK=255.255.255.255

[root@localhost network-scripts]# systemctl restart network
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ifconfig 
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.111.10  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.111.255
        inet6 fe80::76bd:2b0e:debf:af01  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        inet6 fe80::7ee0:eac8:3f9d:ccd8  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        inet6 fe80::b565:5b84:d85b:3c3  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:10:ff:ef  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 6604  bytes 668640 (652.9 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 1155  bytes 181323 (177.0 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

ens33:0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.111.168  netmask 255.255.255.255  broadcast 192.168.111.168
        ether 00:0c:29:10:ff:ef  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)

修改内核配置参数

[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.ens33.send_redirects = 0
[root@localhost network-scripts]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.ens33.send_redirects = 0

配置ipvs分配策略

通过yum安装ipvsadm服务
[root@localhost network-scripts]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@localhost network-scripts]# systemctl disable firewalld.service
[root@localhost network-scripts]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ipvsadm -C
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.111.168:80 -r 192.168.111.20:80 -g 
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.111.168:80 -r 192.168.111.30:80 -g
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ipvsadm
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP  localhost.localdomain:http rr
  -> 192.168.111.20:http          Route   1      0          0         
  -> 192.168.111.30:http          Route   1      0          0         
[root@localhost network-scripts]# systemctl restart ipvsadm.service