这是我写的ChatGPT Prompt Engineerin的第二篇博客，如何还没看过第一篇的请先看我写的第一篇博客：

ChatGPT Prompt Engineerin(一)

Summarizing(总结/摘要）

今天我们的重点关注按特定主题来总结文本。

设置参数

import openai
openai.api_key ='YOUR_OPENAI_API_KEY'

def get_completion(prompt, model="gpt-3.5-turbo"): 
    messages = [{"role": "user", "content": prompt}]
    response = openai.ChatCompletion.create(
        model=model,
        messages=messages,
        temperature=0, 
    )
    return response.choices[0].message["content"]

文本总结

下面我们来定义一段文本，该文本来自于一个电商网站的客户评论,我们要让ChatGPT来对这段文本进行总结，由于原文本内容是英文的，我将它的中文翻译文也罗列出来，这样便于大家理解原文的意思：

prod_review = """
Got this panda plush toy for my daughter's birthday, 
who loves it and takes it everywhere. It's soft and  
super cute, and its face has a friendly look. It's  
a bit small for what I paid though. I think there  
might be other options that are bigger for the  
same price. It arrived a day earlier than expected,  
so I got to play with it myself before I gave it  
to her.
"""

prod_review1="""
这个熊猫毛绒玩具是我女儿生日的礼物，她很喜欢，走到哪里都带着它。
它很柔软，超级可爱，它的脸看起来很友好。不过相对于我付的钱来说有点小了。
我想同样的价格可能还有其他更大的选择。它比预期提前了一天到达，所以我在给她之前自己玩了一下。
"""

指定用一个单词/句子/字符的限制来总结文本

prompt = f"""
Your task is to generate a short summary of a product 
review from an ecommerce site. 

Summarize the review below, delimited by triple 
backticks, in at most 30 words. 

Review: ```{prod_review}```
"""

response = get_completion(prompt)
print(response)

这里我们要ChatGPT使用不超过30个词语来总结前面给的文档，ChatGPT用非常简短的一句话对原文做出了总结。

将总结的重点放在配送和交付方面

prompt = f"""
Your task is to generate a short summary of a product 
review from an ecommerce site to give feedback to the 
Shipping deparmtment. 

Summarize the review below, delimited by triple 
backticks, in at most 30 words, and focusing on any aspects 
that mention shipping and delivery of the product. 

Review: ```{prod_review}```
"""

response = get_completion(prompt)
print(response)

之前的总结我们只是要求了一个字数限制(最多30个词语)，没有其他别的要求了，所以ChatGPT在总结是把重点放在了玩具质量和价格方面，配送方面只是简略的提了一下: Arrived early 。现在我们要求ChatGPT将总结的重点放在配送和交付方面，从结果上看ChatGPT的总结非常符合我们的要求。

以价格和价值为重点进行总结

prompt = f"""
Your task is to generate a short summary of a product 
review from an ecommerce site to give feedback to the 
pricing deparmtment, responsible for determining the 
price of the product.  

Summarize the review below, delimited by triple 
backticks, in at most 30 words, and focusing on any aspects 
that are relevant to the price and perceived value. 

Review: ```{prod_review}```
"""

response = get_completion(prompt)
print(response)

 从ChatGPT答复的内容上来看也符合我们的要求。

尝试用“内容抽取”来替代“总结”

除了总结以外我们还可以让ChatGPT从文章“抽取”相关内容，可以用这种方式来替代“总结”。

prompt = f"""
Your task is to extract relevant information from  
a product review from an ecommerce site to give 
feedback to the Shipping department. 

From the review below, delimited by triple quotes 
extract the information relevant to shipping and  
delivery. Limit to 30 words. 

Review: ```{prod_review}```
"""

response = get_completion(prompt)
print(response)

 总结多个产品评论

接下来我们要让ChatGPT总结多个产品的评论：

review_1 = prod_review 

# review for a standing lamp
review_2 = """
Needed a nice lamp for my bedroom, and this one 
had additional storage and not too high of a price 
point. Got it fast - arrived in 2 days. The string 
to the lamp broke during the transit and the company 
happily sent over a new one. Came within a few days 
as well. It was easy to put together. Then I had a 
missing part, so I contacted their support and they 
very quickly got me the missing piece! Seems to me 
to be a great company that cares about their customers 
and products. 
"""

# review for an electric toothbrush
review_3 = """
My dental hygienist recommended an electric toothbrush, 
which is why I got this. The battery life seems to be 
pretty impressive so far. After initial charging and 
leaving the charger plugged in for the first week to 
condition the battery, I've unplugged the charger and 
been using it for twice daily brushing for the last 
3 weeks all on the same charge. But the toothbrush head 
is too small. I’ve seen baby toothbrushes bigger than 
this one. I wish the head was bigger with different 
length bristles to get between teeth better because 
this one doesn’t.  Overall if you can get this one 
around the $50 mark, it's a good deal. The manufactuer's 
replacements heads are pretty expensive, but you can 
get generic ones that're more reasonably priced. This 
toothbrush makes me feel like I've been to the dentist 
every day. My teeth feel sparkly clean! 
"""

# review for a blender
review_4 = """
So, they still had the 17 piece system on seasonal 
sale for around $49 in the month of November, about 
half off, but for some reason (call it price gouging) 
around the second week of December the prices all went 
up to about anywhere from between $70-$89 for the same 
system. And the 11 piece system went up around $10 or 
so in price also from the earlier sale price of $29. 
So it looks okay, but if you look at the base, the part 
where the blade locks into place doesn’t look as good 
as in previous editions from a few years ago, but I 
plan to be very gentle with it (example, I crush 
very hard items like beans, ice, rice, etc. in the  
blender first then pulverize them in the serving size 
I want in the blender then switch to the whipping 
blade for a finer flour, and use the cross cutting blade 
first when making smoothies, then use the flat blade 
if I need them finer/less pulpy). Special tip when making 
smoothies, finely cut and freeze the fruits and 
vegetables (if using spinach-lightly stew soften the  
spinach then freeze until ready for use-and if making 
sorbet, use a small to medium sized food processor)  
that you plan to use that way you can avoid adding so 
much ice if at all-when making your smoothie. 
After about a year, the motor was making a funny noise. 
I called customer service but the warranty expired 
already, so I had to buy another one. FYI: The overall 
quality has gone done in these types of products, so 
they are kind of counting on brand recognition and 
consumer loyalty to maintain sales. Got it in about 
two days.
"""

reviews = [review_1, review_2, review_3, review_4]

for i in range(len(reviews)):
    prompt = f"""
    Your task is to generate a short summary of a product  
    review from an ecommerce site. 

    Summarize the review below, delimited by triple 
    backticks in at most 20 words. 

    Review: ```{reviews[i]}```
    """

    response = get_completion(prompt)
    print(i, response, "
")

 当我们通过循环遍历的方式来调用ChatGPT的API时，我们会收到一个异常的报错信息："Rate limit", 从这里我们可以发现OpenAI似乎对API调用做了频率上的限制，即每分钟不能超过3次的api调用，这里我们的文档数量是4篇，因此在第4次循环调用API时超过了次数限制因此抛出了异常错误信息。

解决Rate limit的方法

由于openai官方对api的调用有着严格的限制,对于免费用户每分钟调用API次数不能超过3次，大家可以参考官方对 Rate limits的官方说明：

 同事官方也给出了三种针对Rate limit 解决方案，经过我的验证其中的第二种可行,第一种方案可能是由于我参数设置不当导致没有成功。以下是第二种方案：需要安装一个为回退和重试提供函数装饰器的库 backoff。

# pip install backoff
import backoff  

@backoff.on_exception(backoff.expo, openai.error.RateLimitError)
def get_completion(prompt, model="gpt-3.5-turbo"): 
    messages = [{"role": "user", "content": prompt}]
    response = openai.ChatCompletion.create(
        model=model,
        messages=messages,
        temperature=0, 
    )
    return response.choices[0].message["content"]

在 给get_completion函数附加了一个回退和重试的装饰器backoff后,我们再循环调用get_completion函后就不再报错,只是需要等待一定的时候后才能得到所有的答案。

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